Análisis factorial exploratorio de una escala de gravedad de obstrucción bronquial evaluada en menores de tres años, Chile, 2015 / Exploratory factor analysis of a score for grading the severity of bronchial obstruction evaluated in children younger than 3 years old, Chile, 2015

Introducción. La escala de Tal modificada es utilizada en Chile para determinar la gravedad de la obstrucción bronquial. Existen informes de su validez; sin embargo, carece de antecedentes del análisis de su estructura como escala para cuantificar de forma significativa la gravedad de la obstrucción bronquial. Objetivo. Identificar el patrón de relación entre los ítems de la escala y la dimensión gravedad de la obstrucción bronquial en una muestra de menores de tres años que consultan en dos centros de salud de la provincia de Concepción, Chile. Método. Análisis factorial exploratorio. Selección no aleatoria y voluntaria de participantes, menores de 36 meses, agosto-noviembre de 2015. Evaluados de manera independiente por médico y kinesiólogo, en tiempo seguido. Se aplican medidas de tendencia central, análisis factorial exploratorio, por subgrupo de menores y mayores de 6 meses, y consistencia interna. Resultados. 204 mediciones a 102 menores. Con una varianza explicada de 39%, los ítems se dirigen a dos conceptos diferentes, un factor que agrupa frecuencia respiratoria, sibilancia y retracción, y otro que solo lo determina cianosis, con alfa de Cronbach de 0, 5. Al extraer cianosis del análisis, muestra matriz monofactorial con 38% de varianza total explicada y consistencia interna de 0, 62. Conclusiones. Por medio de sus ítems, la estructura de la escala no se ajusta adecuadamente para esta muestra. Cianosis se muestra como un ítem disociado en la estructura. Al ajustar el modelo a solo tres ítems, la estabilidad del alfa como medida de consistencia interna aumenta, pero a un valor cuestionable, lo que, sin duda, variará al ser aplicada en otra muestra.

Introduction. The modified Tal's score has been used in Chile to determine the severity of bronchial obstruction. Its validity has been reported already; however, its structure as a scale to significantly quantify the severity of bronchial obstruction has not been analyzed. Objective. To identify the relationship pattern among the score's items and the severity of bronchial obstruction in a sample of children younger than 3 years seen in two health care centers in the province of Concepción, Chile. Method. Exploratory factor analysis. Nonrandom, voluntary selection of participants youngerthan36months, August-November 2015. Participants were assessed independently and subsequently by a physician and a physical therapist. The following measurements were applied: central tendency, exploratory factor analysis, subgroups of participants younger and older than 6 months, and internal consistency. Results. A total of 204 measurements were done in 102 children. With a 39% explained variance, items incline towards to two different concepts: one factor groups respiratory rate, wheezing, and retractions, and the other determines only cyanosis, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.5. Once cyanosis is removed from the analysis, the original one-factor matrix sample shows a 38% total explained variance and a 0.62 internal consistency. Conclusions. Based on its items, the score's structure does not fit adequately to this sample. Cyanosis appears as a dissociated item within the structure. Once the model is adjusted to only 3 items, the stability of Chronbach's alpha as a measure of internal consistency increases but at an objectionable value, which will undoubtedly vary once it is applied to a different sample.

Asociación entre las características clínicas-epidemiológicas y estancia hospitalaria prolongada de los pacientes hospitalizados con diagnóstico de síndrome obstructivo bronquial agudo, en el Hospital Nacional Madre Niño San Bartolomé, durante el año 2013 / Association between clinical and epidemiological characteristics and prolonged hospital stay of hospitalized patients diagnosed with acute bronchial obstructive syndrome in the National Hospital Mother Child San Bartolome, in 2013

Introducción: El Síndrome Obstructivo Bronquial (SOBA) es una de las patologías más prevalentes de la práctica pediátrica habitual y es responsable de consultas frecuentes a las emergencias, ya que afecta al 5 a 10 por ciento de todos los niños menores de 3 años de edad existiendo un incremento de la morbilidad y mortalidad a pesar de los recursos terapéuticos disponibles hoy en día; es generalmente secundario a infecciones virales y su presentación clínica y evolución intra y extra hospitalaria se cree dependen de numerosos factores tanto ambientales, epidemiológicos, y clínicos Objetivos: Determinar la asociación de riesgo entre características Clínicas y Epidemiológicas presentes al ingreso de los pacientes pediátricos menores de 3 años hospitalizados con diagnóstico de Síndrome Obstructivo Bronquial Agudo; y estancia hospitalaria prolongada, en el Hospital Nacional Madre Niño San Bartolomé, durante el año 2013. Material y métodos: Estudio analítico de casos y controles; el grupo Caso (constituidos por pacientes con estancias hospitalarias prolongadas) y el grupo Control (constituidos por pacientes con estancias hospitalarias no prolongadas), donde se evaluó múltiples variables tanto clínicas, epidemiológicas y de manejo terapéutico mediante pruebas de contraste de hipótesis (Chi-Cuadrado). Resultados: Durante el año 2013 se registraron en el libro de ingresos hospitalarios 276 casos ingresados con el diagnóstico de Síndrome Obstructivo Bronquial; de los cuales 198 cumplían los criterios de inclusión, se repartieron en dos grupos, el Grupo Caso de 80 pacientes (los cuales tenían un tiempo de hospitalización mayor a cinco días, y el grupo control de 118 pacientes (los cuales tenían un tiempo de hospitalización menor a cinco días), de las variables estudiadas solo se encontró asociación de riesgo para la variable grupo etario con un Chi cuadrado menor de 0,05 y Odds ratio de 2,1 (IC 95 por ciento: 1,179-3,752); y para la variable Estado Nutricional, con...

Introduction: Bronchial Obstructive Syndrome (SOBA) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the usual pediatric practice and is responsible for frequent emergency consultations, affecting 5-10 per cent of all children under 3 years of age. There are a increased morbidity and mortality despite treatment resources available today; this is usually secondary to viral infections and their clinical presentation and intra- and extra-hospital outcome depend of numerous environmental, epidemiological and c1inical factors. Objectives: To determine the association of risk between Clinical and Epidemiological factors present on admission in pediatric patients under 3 years of age hospitalized with diagnosis of Acute Bronchial Obstructive Syndrome; and prolonged hospital stay in the National Hospital Mother Child St. Bartholome, in 2013. Methods: Analytical case control-case study. Where the case group (consisting of patients with prolonged hospital stays) and the control group (consisting of patients without prolonged hospital stays), multiple variables was evaluating by the testing hypothesis (Chi-Square). Results: During the year 2013 were registered in the book of hospital admissions 276 patients with the diagnosis of Obstructive Bronchial Syndrome; of which 198 was including in the study, they were divided into two groups: the case group with 80 patients (who had a longer than five days hospitalization), and the control group with 118 patients (who had a hospital stay less than five days) of the variables studied only the age had risk association (Chi square less than 0.05) and odds ratio of 2.1 (95 per cent CI: 1.179 to 3.752) and for the Nutritional state, with a Chi-square less than 0.05 and an odds ratio of 2.4 (95 per cent CI 1.190 to 4.76). The most common diagnosis associated with the syndrome Obstructive bronchial acute was pneumonia Viral and bronchiolitis (50 per cent). Conclusions: Obstructive bronchial syndrome occurs mostly in males, under the 12 months...

Tuberculose endobrônquica simulando neoplasia: relato de caso / Endobronchial tuberculosis simulating neoplasm: case report

Tuberculose endobrônquica (TE) é definida como uma inflamação específica da árvore traqueobrônquica causada pelo bacilo da tuberculose (TB) e se desenvolve como complicação dessa doença. Trata-se de entidade patológica de curso clínico variável e com peculiaridades em relação ao seu tratamento e suas complicações. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever um caso de tuberculose endobrônquica cujas manifestações broncoscópicas assemelhavam-se a neoplasia pulmonar, além de permitir revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema. Paciente do sexo masculino, 65 anos,casado, lavrador, apresentando tosse com expectoração do tipomucosa, dispneia, perda ponderal, astenia e hiporexia, além de quadro mal especificado de disfagia, principalmente para sólidos.Apresentou, em radiografia de tórax, moderado derrame pleural em hemitórax esquerdo e infiltrado pulmonar com padrão acinar bilateralmente. Tabagista em abstinência. Etilismo crônico.À fibrobroncoscopia: lesão vegetante em brônquio principal esquerdo sugerindo câncer de esôfago invasivo e lesão em traqueia.Endoscopia digestiva alta sem alterações. Biópsias de traqueia e brônquio esquerdo mostrando processo inflamatório crônico granulomatoso com necrose de caseificação, sugestivo de bacilo da tuberculose. Foi iniciado esquema padrão para tratamento de bacilo da tuberculose pulmonar, com melhora gradativa dos sintomas.A tuberculose endobrônquica pode ser encontrada relacionada à forma pulmonar do bacilo da tuberculose, e os achados clínicos podem variar de inespecíficos a intensas manifestações de obstrução das vias aéreas secundária a estenose brônquica. É preciso que o profissional de saúde esteja atento à investigação de disfagia e que não se esqueça de colocar a tuberculose endobrônquica como diagnóstico diferencial entre as disfagias associadas a sintomas respiratórios.

Endobronchial tuberculosis (ET) is defined as a specific inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree caused by the tuberculosis bacillus, and develops as a complication of this disease. It is a disease entity with variable clinical course and some peculiarities regarding its treatment and complications. The objective of this study was to describe a case of endobronchial tuberculosis whose bronchoscopic manifestations resembled lung cancer, and to allow a review of the literature on the subject. Male patient, 65 years old, married, farmer, showing cough with mucus, dyspnea, weight loss, asthenia and hyporexia,as well as a poorly specified case of dysphagia, especially for solids. On chest radiograph he showed moderate pleural effusion in the left hemithorax and pulmonary infiltrate with acinar pattern bilaterally. Smoker in abstinence. Chronic alcoholism. In fiberoptic bronchoscopy: a vegetative lesion in the left main bronchus suggesting invasive cancer of the esophagus and lesion on trachea. No alterations at upper endoscopy. Biopsies of the trachea and left bronchus showing chronic granulomatous inflammatory process with caseous necrosis, suggestive of tuberculosis. Standard regimen was initiated for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, with gradual improvement of symptoms. Endobronchial tuberculosis can be found related to the pulmonary form of tuberculosis, and clinical findings can vary from nonspecific to severe manifestations of airway obstruction secondary to bronchial stenosis. It is necessary that health professionals are aware of the investigation of dysphagia and do not forget to put endobronchial tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis among dysphagias associated with respiratory symptoms.

Traqueobroncopatía osteocondroplástica: presentación simulando asma / Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. Clinical presentation mimicking asthma

La traqueobroncopatía osteocondroplástica (TO) (o traqueopatía osteocondroplástica otraqueopatía osteoplástica)1 es una entidad rara de etiopatogenia desconocida caracterizada por múltiples nódulos de cartílago o hueso originados en el tejido cartilaginoso de la vía aérea, que se proyectan dentro de la luz traqueobronquial. Generalmente decurso crónico y benigno, es casi siempre un hallazgo; cuando presenta síntomas estos son inespecíficos y se deben al estrechamiento de la vía aérea, al engrosamiento de la pared traqueobronquial, o a alguna complicación. Al ser poco reconocida favorece los errores diagnósticos. Reportamos un caso sintomático de TO, confundida con asma, que además presentaba rinosinusitis crónica e infecciones recurrentes de la vía aérea alta y baja. Además de presentar este caso con gran afectación y progresión hasta bronquios distales, mostramos otros 2 presuntos casos sin confirmación endoscópica.

The tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare disease of unknown pathogenesis. It is characterized by multiple osteocartilaginous nodules protrudinginto the tracheobronchial airway lumen. Generally it is an incidental finding because its evolution is chronic and benign; when symptoms are present, they are non specific and result from the obstruction of the airway, the thickening of the tracheobronchial wall or some complication. Since it is an uncommon condition the diagnostic errors arefrequent. We report a symptomatic TO case, that was misdiagnosed as asthma, and in addition the patient had chronic sinusitis and recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections. This case had progressive invasion of distal bronchi. We also report two other suspected cases without endoscopic confirmation.

Traqueobroncopatía osteocondroplástica: reporte de dos casos y revisión de la literatura / Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: presentation of two cases

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica is a rare disease characterized by oteocartilagenous tissue bulking from the submucous layer into the lumen of large airways. We present two patients whose etiologic study for unrelated reasons rendered characteristic findings of this pathology. The literature about this disease is reviewed.

La traqueobroncopatía osteocondroplástica es una enfermedad poco frecuente, caracterizada por la proliferación de tejido óseo y cartilaginoso en la submucosa de las vías aéreas mayores. Presentamos dos casos de pacientes en cuyo estudio por distintos motivos etiológicos se encontraron lesiones compatibles con esta patología, y se revisa el tema.

Comprometimento da árvore respiratória na granulomatose de Wegener / Laryngeal and tracheobronchial involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis

INTRODUÇÃO: A granulomatose de Wegener (GW) é uma forma de vasculite sistêmica que envolve primariamente as vias aéreas superiores e inferiores e os rins. As manifestações mais frequentes nas vias aéreas são estenose subglótica e inflamações, estenoses da traqueia e dos brônquios. A visualização endoscópica das vias aéreas é a melhor ferramenta para avaliação, diagnóstico e manejo dessas alterações. OBJETIVOS: Descrever as alterações endoscópicas encontradas na mucosa das vias aéreas de um grupo de pacientes com GW submetido à broncoscopia no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP) e relatar as intervenções terapêuticas broncoscópicas utilizadas em alguns casos. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 15 pacientes com diagnóstico de GW provenientes do Ambulatório de Vasculites da Disciplina de Pneumologia do HC-FMUSP, encaminhados para a realização de broncoscopia no serviço de Endoscopia Respiratória do HC-FMUSP no período de 2003 a 2007. RESULTADOS: Dos 15 pacientes avaliados, 11 eram mulheres (73,33 por cento) com idade média de 34 ± 11,5 anos. Foram encontradas alterações das vias aéreas em 80 por cento dos pacientes, e o achado endoscópico mais frequente foi estenose subglótica (n = 6). Realizou-se broncoscopia terapêutica em três pacientes com estenose subglótica e em outros três com estenose brônquica, todos apresentando bons resultados. CONCLUSÃO: A broncoscopia permite diagnóstico, acompanhamento e tratamento das lesões de vias aéreas na GW, constituindo-se um recurso terapêutico pouco invasivo em casos selecionados.

INTRODUCTION: Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a form of systemic vasculitis that involves primarily the upper and lower airways and the kidneys. The most frequent airway manifestations include subglottic stenosis and inflammation, and tracheal and bronchial stenoses. The endoscopic visualization of the airways is the best tool for assessing, diagnosing and managing those changes. OBJECTIVES: To describe the endoscopic abnormalities found in the airway mucosa of a group of patients with WG undergoing bronchoscopy at Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), and to report the therapeutic bronchoscopic interventions used in some cases. METHODS: The study assessed 15 patients diagnosed with GW from the Vasculitis Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Pulmonology, HC-FMUSP, referred for bronchoscopy at the Service of Respiratory Endoscopy, HC-FMUSP, from 2003 to 2007. RESULTS: Fifteen patients were studied [11 females (73.33 percent)]; mean age, 34 ± 11.5 years. Airway changes were found in 80 percent of the patients, and the most frequent endoscopic finding was subglottic stenosis (n = 6). Therapeutic bronchoscopy was performed in three patients with subglottic stenosis and in other three patients with bronchial stenosis, all showing good results. CONCLUSION: Bronchoscopy allows for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating the airway lesions in WG, being a minimally invasive therapeutic option in selected cases.

Traqueobroncopatia osteocondroplástica: relato de 2 casos e revisão bibliográfica / Osteochondroplastic tracheobronchopathy: report on 02 cases and bibliographic review

A traqueobroncopatia osteocondroplásica (TO) é uma doença benigna rara, de causa desconhecida, caracterizada por numerosos nódulos submucosos sésseis, cartilaginosos e/ou ósseos, distribuídos pelas paredes ântero-laterais, projetando-se no lúmen laringotraqueobrônquico. Existem aproximadamente 400 casos relatados na literatura mundial. OBJETIVOS: Relatar e discutir 2 casos de TO com a revisão bibliográfica. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Apresentação de 2 casos, com revisão bibliográfica realizada através dos bancos de dados do MEDLINE, LILACS, PUBMED. DESENHO DO ESTUDO: Estudo observacional, descritivo, relato de casos. CONCLUSÃO: Os sintomas são resultados de obstrução da via aérea, causando tosse seca, dispneia e infecções recorrentes do trato respiratório. A suspeita diagnóstica é feita pela endoscopia de vias aéreas (laringotraqueobroncoscopia), sendo a tomografia computadorizada do tórax/traqueia útil para documentar as características de lesões nodulares. O diagnóstico diferencial inclui a papilomatose, amiloidose e sarcoidose endobronquial, condrossarcoma, hamartoma e linfonodos paratraqueais calcificados. Não existe tratamento específico, porém o prognóstico é bom. A remoção cirúrgica é restrita aos quadros obstrutivos moderados e severos. Os otorrinolaringologistas devem estar atentos e incluírem a traqueobroncopatia osteocondroplástica na lista de diagnósticos diferenciais, quando frente aos sintomas sugestivos de doenças da via aérea superior e árvore traqueobrônquica.

Osteochondroplastic tracheobronchopathy (OT) is a rare benign disorder of the lower part of the trachea and the upper part of the main bronchus characterized by numerous submucosal calcified nodules, sessile, cartilaginous and/or osseous with laryngotracheobronchial lumen projection. There are less than 400 cases reported in the word literature. AIM: to report and discuss 02 cases of OT with a bibliography review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: we report on 02 cases with bibliography revision from MEDLINE, LILACS and PUBMED data. STUDY DESIGN: observational, descriptive, case reports. CONCLUSION: the symptoms result from airway obstruction, causing dry cough, dyspnea and recurrent respiratory tract infections. The diagnostic hypothesis is established by endoscopy of the upper airway (laryngo-tracheo-bronchoscopy), and the trachea/chest computed tomography is the best image exam to define tracheal nodule alterations. The differential diagnoses are papillomatosis, amyloidosis and sarcoidosis chondrosarcoma hamartoma and calcified paratracheal lymph nodes. There is no specific treatment and the prognosis is good. Surgery is restricted to moderate or severe airway obstructions. Otorhinolaryngologists must include OT in the differential diagnosis of cases of upper airway and tracheobronchial tree suggestive symptoms.

Benign superior mediastinal syndrome due to intrathoracic tuberculosis in a child-association with endobronchial tuberculosis.

A 5-year-old boy presented with fever, cough, breathlessness and facial swelling. He was pale with distended veins over neck and chest, cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy and bilateral expiratory wheeze. Chest radiographs showed superior mediastinal widening. A computed tomography scan of the chest revealed mediastinal lymph nodes compressing superior vena cava and trachea. Bronchoscopy revealed nodular lesions in trachea and bronchi and compression of trachea. Broncho-alveolar lavage revealed acid fast bacilli. Diagnosis of superior mediastinal syndrome (SMS) secondary to tuberculosis was made and child was treated with antitubercular treatment along with oral prednisolone with good response.

Traqueobroncopatía osteocondroplástica: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Tracheobronchopathy osteochondroplastica: a case report and literature review

La traqueobroncopatía osteocondroplástica es una enfermedad benigna poco frecuente, de etiología incierta, caracterizada por múltiples nodulos submucosos cartilaginosos u óseos en tráquea, bronquios principales y menos frecuentemente, región subglótica y laringe. La presentación clínica de la enfermedad varía desde pacientes asintomáticos, hasta enfermedad severa con obstrucción de la vía aérea. El gold standard para el diagnóstico es la broncoscopía, donde característicamente se visualiza la presencia de múltiples nodulos submucosos que se proyectan hacia el lumen de la vía aérea. La biopsia no es requisito para el diagnóstico. El tratamiento de la enfermedad está dirigido habitualmente al manejo sintomático. En pacientes con severa obstrucción de la vía aérea se han realizado terapias broncoscópicas como ablación con láser, crioterapia o divulsión mecánica de las lesiones. También se ha intentado la resolución quirúrgica, siendo generalmente inefectiva. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente evaluado en nuestro servicio, en quien se realizó diagnóstico de traqueobroncopatía osteocondroplástica con compromiso tráqueo-bronquial y subglótico.

Tracheobronchopathy osteochondroplastica is a rare benign disease of uncertain etiology characterized by múltiple cartilaginous or bony submucosal nodules in trachea, bronchi and, less frequently subglottic región and larynx. The clinical presentation of the disease varíes from asymptomatic patients to severe disease with airway obstruction. The gold standard for diagnosis is bronchoscopy, which typically displays the presence of múltiple submucosal nodules that project into the lumen of the airway. Biopsy is not required for diagnosis. The treatment of the disease is usually symptomatic management. In patients with severe airway obstruction bronchoscopic therapies such as laser ablation, cryotherapy or mechanical removal have been performed. Surgical resolution has also been attempted, being generally ineffective. We report the case of a patient evaluated in our department, in whom the diagnosis of tracheobronchopathy osteochondroplastica with tracheobronchial and subglottic compromise was made.

Tumor glômico endobrônquico com atelectasia de lobo superior direito / Bronchial glomus tumor with right upper lobe atelectasis

Tumores glômicos são raras neoplasias benignas de tecidos moles. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 32 anos de idade que apresentava atelectasia em lobo superior direito devido a um tumor endobrônquico. O paciente foi submetido a lobectomia superior direita e broncoplastia em cunha. O diagnóstico patológico foi de tumor glômico endobrônquico. Até onde sabemos, essa apresentação com atelectasia em lobo superior direito nunca foi relatada. O tumor glômico deve ser considerado no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões endobrônquicas que causam atelectasia lobar.

Glomus tumors are uncommon benign soft tissue neoplasms. We report the case of a 32-year-old male who presented with right upper lobe atelectasis due to an endobronchial tumor. The patient underwent right upper lobectomy and wedge bronchoplasty. The pathological diagnosis was bronchial glomus tumor. To our knowledge, this presentation (with right upper lobe atelectasis) has never before been reported. Glomus tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endobronchial lesions causing lobar atelectasis.

Segmentación broncopulmonar: norma anatómica en el hombre adulto / Bronchopulmonary segmentation: anatomic norma in the adult man

Fundamento: Las enfermedades broncopulmonares son muy comunes, especialmente las infecciones y supuraciones que frecuentemente dejan secuelas permanentes o conllevan a la muerte del paciente. Objetivo: Describir el patrón común y las variantes anatómicas de la segmentación broncopulmonar en el hombre adulto, al tener en cuenta su número y origen. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo con una muestra de 100 (25 por ciento) bloques broncopulmonares en un universo constituido por 400 fallecidos a los que se le realizó necropsia en el departamento de medicina legal del Hospital Provincial Amalia Simoni de Camagüey, entre abril de 2004 y marzo de 2006. Resultados: La mayor parte de las piezas presentaron la distribución de la segmentación broncopulmonar que se corresponde con el patrón común. Conclusiones: Existió un predominio de las variantes de número respecto a las de origen.

Background: Bronchopulmonary diseases are very common, specially infections and suppurations that frequently let permanent sequelae or cause the death of the patient. Objective: To describe the common pattern and the anatomic variants of bronchopulmonary segmentation in the adult man, when taking its number and origin into account. Method: A descriptive observational study was carried out with a sample of 100 (25 percent) bronchopulmonary blocks in a universe constituted by 400 dead persons to the ones a necropsy was performed in the legal-medicine department at Amalia Simoni Provincial Hospital, of Camagüey, from April 2004 to March 2006. Results: The great part of pieces presented the distribution of bronchopulmonary segmentation that correspond with the common pattern. Conclusions: A predominance of the variants of number in relation to the ones belonging to origin existed.

Tuberculosis endobronquial: caso clínico / Endobronchial tuberculosis: case-report

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has notoriously diminished in our country, especially in the pediatric population, and frequently is not considered among the differential diagnosis of refractory pneumonia. It is of interest to report an unusual presentation of TB, since delayed diagnosis may lead to severe complications. Objective: Present a clinical case and an update review of endobronchial TB. Case-report: An 8 months-old infant with right upper lobe (RUL) pneumonia, refractory to treatment with conventional antibiotics. Lung computed tomography showed extensive RUL consolidation with hiliar and mediastinic lymph nodes suggesting TB. Positive gastric aspirate and bronchoalveolar lavage baciloscopy confirmed TB and flexible bronchoscopy showed caseum occluding the lumen of the RUL bronchi. Anti-TB treatment (4 drugs) and Prednisone lead to clinical, radiological and endoscopic improvement. The objective is emphasize the importance of investigating TB as a possible etiology of refractory pneumonia and the benefit of flexible bronchoscopy in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients.

Introducción: La tuberculosis (TBC) en nuestro país ha disminuido notablemente, especialmente en la población pediátrica, y muchas veces no se la incluye en el diagnóstico diferencial de una neumonía refractaria. Resulta de interés dar a conocer una forma de presentación no habitual, cuyo diagnóstico tardío puede asociarse a complicaciones severas. Objetivo: Presentar un caso de TBC endobronquial con una revisión actualizada del tema. Caso clínico: Presentamos un varón de 8 meses que presenta una neumonía de lóbulo superior derecho (LSD), refractaria a tratamiento con antibióticos convencionales. La TC de tórax muestra una extensa condensación del LSD y adenopatías hiliares y mediastínicas ipsilaterales que sugieren posible TBC. Se confirma una TBC con baciloscopías de contenido gástrico y de lavado broncoalveolar positivas y la fibrobroncoscopía muestra una estructura caseosa que ocluye el lumen del bronquio de LSD. El tratamiento anti-TBC (con cuatro drogas) más prednisona logró mejoría clínica, radiológica y endoscópica. Se enfatiza la importancia de investigar una TBC como posible etiología de la neumonía refractaria y el rol de la fibrobroncoscopía en el diagnóstico y seguimiento del paciente.

Pseudotumor inflamatório endobrônquico: relato de caso / Endobronchial inflammatory pseudotumor: a case report

O pseudotumor inflamatório de pulmão é uma neoplasia benigna rara que geralmente se manifesta como um nódulo pulmonar solitário. A apresentação endobrônquica é infreqüente. O tratamento de escolha continua sendo a cirurgia conservadora e deve-se sempre procurar obter margens livres devido à possibilidade de recidiva local. Esse artigo relata o caso de um paciente de 36 anos, com crises de sibilância e tosse, que foi submetido, com sucesso, à broncoplastia para ressecção de um pseudotumor inflamatório endobrônquico.

Inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung is a rare form of benign neoplasia and is generally characterized by a solitary pulmonary nodule. The endobronchial presentation is uncommon. Conservative surgery remains the treatment of choice, and surgeons should always strive to achieve tumor-free margins due to the possibility of local recidivism. This article reports the case of a 36-year-old male patient with recurrent attacks of wheezing and cough. The patient underwent successful bronchoplasty for the resection of an endobronchial inflammatory pseudotumor.

Primeira descrição de singamose brônquica ocorrida no Estado do Espírito Santo / First description of human bronchial syngamosis in the State of Espírito Santo

Relatamos o caso de um homem de 48 anos, que evoluiu durante 4 meses com quadro de tosse seca associada à dor torácica. Após serem descartadas as etiologias mais prováveis, realizou-se uma broncofibroscopia que revelou a presença de um casal de Syngamus laringeus no brônquio do lobo superior esquerdo. O paciente tornou-se assintomático após a retirada do nematóide.

We report the case of a 48-year-old man who presented progressive dry cough associated with chest pain over a four-month period. After ruling out the most probable etiologies, bronchofibroscopy was performed and showed a pair of Syngamus laringeus inside the left upper lobe bronchus. The patient became asymptomatic after the nematodes had been removed.

Endobronchial tuberculosis presenting as tumorous mass.

We report a case of an 18-year-old boy presenting with features of right middle lobe collapse. On bronchoscopy, a tumorous type of endobronchial tuberculosis was found to be obstructing the lumen of the right middle lobe bronchus. On treatment with anti-tuberculous drugs the growth resolved significantly within three months. The patient, however, developed mild stenosis of the airway.

Resection of a endobronchial hamartoma by electrocautery and argon plasma ablation via fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Endobronchial hamartoma is a rare benign tumour of the lung that may present with bronchial obstruction. We present a case of endobronchial hamartoma that was resected and ablated with electrocautery and argon plasma coagulation by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

Amiloidosis endobronquial / Tracheobronchial amyloidosis: case report

Amyloidosis is a generic term for a group of diseases that share the common feature of extracelular deposit of pathologic proteins. Systemic and localized forms are recognized. Both can produce pulmonary involvement. The current classification is based on the nature of the precursor of the amyloid. It is an infrequent condition, in USA the incidence is 5.1 to 12.8 per million of people. We present a case of a 32 years old male, obese, light smoker with Diabetes Mellitus 2, asymptomatic, with a pneumonia and poor response to treatment. The first diagnostic approach was a malignant disease and the histological study showed Amyloidosis. The analysis of the case suggest the diagnosis of tracheobronchial amyloidosis.

La amiloidosis es un término genérico para un conjunto de enfermedades que comparten como hecho común el depósito extracelular de proteínas patológicas. A grandes rasgos se divide en sistémica y localizada. Ambas pueden presentar compromiso pulmonar. Actualmente, su clasificación, se basa en las proteínas precursoras del amiloide. Es una patología poco frecuente, reportándose en USA una incidencia de 5,1 a 12,8 por millón de personas. Presentamos un caso de un enfermo de 32 años de edad obeso con antecedentes de tabaquismo y Diabetes Mellitus 2, asintomático que frente a una neumonía con mala respuesta al tratamiento se plantea una patología maligna y el estudio histológico demuestra amiloidosis. El análisis del caso clínico configura el diagnostico de Amiloidosis localizada endobronquial.